Ibuprofen increases the serum Omentin levels in rats after abdominal surgery

SUMMARY AIMS Omentin is an adipokine primarily produced by visceral adipose tissue and its reduced levels have been shown to be associate with worse metabolic outcomes. We aimed to study the effects of preoperative ibuprofen on postoperative omentin levels in rats after surgery. METHODS Forty-eight albino Wistar rats, 6 in each of 8 groups according to the surgical procedure (laparotomy, laparotomy plus ibuprofen (IBU), nephrectomy, nephrectomy plus IBU, hepatectomy, hepatectomy plus IBU, splenectomy and splenectomy plus IBU). The Omentin levels of the groups were postoperatively analyzed. RESULTS The mean omentin was significantly higher in the laparotomy plus IBU group compared to the laparotomy group (p<0.001). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the hepatectomy plus IBU group compared to the hepatectomy group (p=0.01). Mean Omentin was significantly higher in the nephrectomy plus IBU group compared to the nephrectomy group (p=0.001). CONCLUSION We suggest that preoperative ibuprofen may enhance circulating levels of Omentin, which has beneficial effects in trauma and inflammation settings in subjects that undergo minor or major abdominal surgery.

RESUMO OBJETIVOS A omentina é uma adipocina produzida principalmente pelo tecido adiposo visceral e níveis reduzidos dela foram associados a piores desfechos metabólicos. Nosso objetivo foi estudar os efeitos do uso pré-operatório do ibuprofeno nos níveis pós-operatórios da omentina em ratos. METODOLOGIA Quarenta e oito ratos Wistar albinos foram divididos em 8 grupos (6 em cada), de acordo com o procedimento cirúrgico: laparotomia, laparotomia e ibuprofeno (IBU), nefrectomia, nefrectomia e IBU, hepatectomia, hepatectomia e IBU, esplenectomia, e esplenectomia e IBU. Os níveis de omentina dos grupos foram analisados após a cirurgia. RESULTADOS A omentina média foi significativamente maior no grupo de laparotomia e IBU do que no grupo de laparotomia (p<0,001). A omentina média foi significativamente maior no grupo de hepatectomia e IBU do que no grupo de hepatectomia (p = 0,01). A omentina média foi significativamente maior no grupo de nefrectomia e IBU do que no grupo de nefrectomia (p = 0,001). CONCLUSÃO Sugerimos que o uso pré-operatório de ibuprofeno pode aumentar os níveis circulantes de omentina, que têm efeitos benéficos em um contexto de trauma e inflamação em indivíduos submetidos cirurgia abdominal.

The influence of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and paracetamol used for pain control of orthodontic tooth movement: a systematic review

ABSTRACT The present study aimed to perform a systematic literature review to determine if there is a non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drug (NSAID) that interferes less within tooth movement. This research was performed according to the PRISMA statement. Articles were searched in eight electronic databases (PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, LILACS, SciELO, Google Scholar, and Open Grey). Only experimental studies on male Wistar rats were selected, which included experiments related to the influence of NSAIDs on orthodontic movement. Studies in animals with pathological conditions, literature review articles, letters to the editor and/or editorials, case reports, abstracts, books, and book chapters were excluded. Each of the steps of this systematic literature review was performed by two examiners independently. Results: the total sample consisted of 505 articles, from which 6 studies were eligible after a qualitative analysis. From the drugs assessed, paracetamol was unanimous for not interfering within orthodontic movement when compared to the control group. However, drugs such as aspirin, ibuprofen, sodium diclofenac, and selective cyclooxygenase-2 inhibitors caused a reduction in tooth movement when compared to the control group. Conclusion: paracetamol could be considered the drug of choice for pain relief because it interferes less within tooth movement.

Manejo farmacológico del dolor en la odontología actual / Pharmacological management of pain in today´s dentistry

Una de las principales preocupaciones de los pacientes que van a ser sometidos a un procedimiento odontológico es el dolor que dicho procedimiento pueda ocasionar. Por lotanto, lograr un control eficaz y seguro de ese dolor es una parte esencial de la práctica odontológica diaria. Los fármacos de primera elección para el tratamiento del dolor y el edemason, sin lugar a dudas, los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos(AINEs). Principios activos como el ibuprofeno (y sus congéneres) o sus derivados permiten controlar simultáneamente el dolor y el edema posquirúrgicos de una forma eficaz y segura. En muchas ocasiones, el AINE prescrito para mantener al paciente asintomático o con síntomas tolerables es suficiente. Sin embargo, cuando esto no ocurre, debemos recurrir a otrosfármacos, o realizar asociaciones con fármacos que complementen el efecto analgésico y trabajen logrando un sinergismo de potenciación que incremente el efecto buscado y disminuya los efectos adversos de cada una de las sustancias por separado, utilizando menores dosis. Un ejemplo comprobado de esas asociaciones es la de ibuprofeno con paracetamol. En el presente artículo se sugieren diversas estrategias pre- y posoperatorias para el manejo del dolor de origen inflamatorio, y un protocolo para su tratamiento.

Gene expression profile of ABC transporters and cytotoxic effect of ibuprofen and acetaminophen in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line in vitro / Perfil da expressão gênica dos transportadores ABC e efeito citotóxico do ibuprofeno e acetaminofen em uma linhagem celular de câncer epitelial de ovário in vitro

PURPOSES: To determine the basic expression of ABC transporters in an epithelial ovarian cancer cell line, and to investigate whether low concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen inhibited the growth of this cell line in vitro. METHODS: TOV-21 G cells were exposed to different concentrations of acetaminophen (1.5 to 15 μg/mL) and ibuprofen (2.0 to 20 μg/mL) for 24 to 48 hours. The cellular growth was assessed using a cell viability assay. Cellular morphology was determined by fluorescence microscopy. The gene expression profile of ABC transporters was determined by assessing a panel including 42 genes of the ABC transporter superfamily. RESULTS: We observed a significant decrease in TOV-21 G cell growth after exposure to 15 μg/mL of acetaminophen for 24 (p=0.02) and 48 hours (p=0.01), or to 20 μg/mL of ibuprofen for 48 hours (p=0.04). Assessing the morphology of TOV-21 G cells did not reveal evidence of extensive apoptosis. TOV-21 G cells had a reduced expression of the genes ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 within the ABC transporter superfamily. CONCLUSIONS: This study provides in vitro evidence of inhibitory effects of growth in therapeutic concentrations of acetaminophen and ibuprofen on TOV-21 G cells. Additionally, TOV-21 G cells presented a reduced expression of the ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 and ABCE1 transporters. .

OBJETIVOS: Determinar a expressão básica dos transportadores ABC em uma linhagem celular do câncer epitelial de ovário, e investigar se o acetaminofen e o ibuprofeno em baixas concentrações são capazes de inibir o crescimento desta linhagem celular in vitro. MÉTODOS: A linhagem celular TOV-21 G foi exposta a diferentes concentrações de acetaminofen (1,5 a 15 µg/mL) e ibuprofeno (2,0 a 20 µg/mL), de 24 a 48 horas. O crescimento celular foi avaliado utilizando-se um ensaio de viabilidade celular. A morfologia celular foi determinada por meio da microscopia de fluorescência. O perfil de expressão gênica foi estabelecido por um painel de 42 genes da superfamília de transportadores ABC. RESULTADOS: Observou-se um decréscimo significativo no crescimento das células TOV-21 G expostas a 15 µg/mL de acetaminofen durante 24 (p=0,02) e 48 horas (p=0,01), ou a 20 µg/mL de ibuprofeno por 48 horas (p=0,04). Ao avaliar a morfologia das células cultivadas, não foi observada evidência de apoptose extensiva. A linhagem de células estudada subexpressa os genes de ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 e ABCE1 na superfamília de transportadores ABC. CONCLUSÕES: Este estudo fornece evidências in vitro referentes aos efeitos inibidores do crescimento de concentrações terapêuticas do acetaminofen e ibuprofeno na linhagem celular testada. Além disso, as células TOV-21 G apresentaram uma expressão reduzida de genes dos transportadores ABCA1, ABCC3, ABCC4, ABCD3, ABCD4 e ABCE1. .

Influência dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e seletivos COX-2 em osteoblastos durante a movimentação dentária induzida em ratos / Influence of anti-inflammatory non steroidal and selective COX-2 in osteoblasts during the tooth movement induced in rats

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) são medicamentos utilizados no alívio da dor após a ativação dos aparelhos ortodônticos, mas estas substâncias podem influenciar a formação óssea ou remodelação. Diante da possibilidade de interferência dos medicamentos durante o tratamento ortodôntico, foi avaliado o efeito á curto prazo de AINEs e anti-inflamatório seletivo COX-2, em doses terapêuticas, sobre osteoblastos durante a movimentação dentária induzida. Os fármacos foram determinados através de questionários aplicados a ortodontistas, os quais mais selecionaram os mais prescritos para alívio da dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Os medicamentos selecionados e a nimesulida (seletivo COX-2) foram administrados em uma amostra de 80 ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar, nos quais foi realizada a instalação de dispositivos constituídos por uma mola de secção fechada ancorada aos incisivos centrais superiores, movimentando mesialmente o primeiro molar superior esquerdo. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de 20 de acordo com a administração medicamentosa diária: paracetamol, ibuprofeno, nimesulida e um grupo controle (animais não medicados). E divididos em subgrupos de 5 de acordo com o tempo de tratamento da movimentação dentária induzida: 3, 5 e 7 dias. Posteriormente, os animais receberam doses letais da mistura de relaxante muscular e anestésico por via intramuscular para coleta do material, o qual foi devidamente processado, corado com hematoxilina-eosina e submetido à análise microscópica óptica para avaliar a quantidade de osteoblastos, na área de tensão, do osso adjacente de cada raiz distovestibular dos primeiros molares superiores esquerdo. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de paracetamol até 5 dias pode gerar interferências na formação óssea, pois diminuiu o número de osteoblastos e que o ibuprofeno foi a droga que melhor agiu por apresentar menor ação de inibição sobre os osteoblastos num período de uso de até...

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs used to relieve pain after activation of orthodontic appliances, but these substances can influence bone remodeling and formation. Faced with the possibility of interference of drugs in treatments, the effects will be short-term NSAIDs and COX-2 selective antiinflammatory in therapeutic doses on osteoblasts during induced tooth movement. The drugs were determined through questionnaires given to orthodontists, selecting then, the most commonly prescribed for pain relief during orthodontic treatment. The selected drugs and nimesulide (selective COX-2) were administered in a sample of 80 albino Wistar rats, in which the installation of devices consisted of an enclosed section spring anchored to the upper central incisors, moving out mesially the first upper left molar. The animals were divided into four groups of 20 according to the daily drug administration: acetaminophen, ibuprofen, nimesulide and a control group (animals not treated). Then, divided into subgroups of 5 according to the treatment time of the induced tooth movement, 3, 5 and 7 days. Subsequently, the animals received lethal doses of the mixture of anesthetic and muscle relaxant intramuscularly for the collection of the material, which has been properly processed, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to microscopic analysis to assess the amount of osteoblasts in the stressed area of the adjacent bone of each distobuccal root of the first left molars. The results showed that the use of acetaminophen up to 5 days will cause interference in bone formation decreasing the number of osteoblasts and ibuprofen was the drug that best acted by having less inhibiting action on osteoblasts in a usage period of up to 7 days. It is suggested that the ideal to relieve pain and/or discomfort caused by orthodontic movement without prejudice to the bone repair would be the use of the associated medication. On the first day, use acetaminophen...

Influência dos anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais e seletivos COX-2 em osteoblastos durante a movimentação dentária induzida em ratos / Influence of anti-inflammatory non steroidal and selective COX-2 in osteoblasts during the tooth movement induced in rats

Os anti-inflamatórios não esteroidais (AINEs) são medicamentos utilizados no alívio da dor após a ativação dos aparelhos ortodônticos, mas estas substâncias podem influenciar a formação óssea ou remodelação. Diante da possibilidade de interferência dos medicamentos durante o tratamento ortodôntico, foi avaliado o efeito á curto prazo de AINEs e anti-inflamatório seletivo COX-2, em doses terapêuticas, sobre osteoblastos durante a movimentação dentária induzida. Os fármacos foram determinados através de questionários aplicados a ortodontistas, os quais mais selecionaram os mais prescritos para alívio da dor durante o tratamento ortodôntico. Os medicamentos selecionados e a nimesulida (seletivo COX-2) foram administrados em uma amostra de 80 ratos albinos da linhagem Wistar, nos quais foi realizada a instalação de dispositivos constituídos por uma mola de secção fechada ancorada aos incisivos centrais superiores, movimentando mesialmente o primeiro molar superior esquerdo. Os animais foram distribuídos em quatro grupos de 20 de acordo com a administração medicamentosa diária: paracetamol, ibuprofeno, nimesulida e um grupo controle (animais não medicados). E divididos em subgrupos de 5 de acordo com o tempo de tratamento da movimentação dentária induzida: 3, 5 e 7 dias. Posteriormente, os animais receberam doses letais da mistura de relaxante muscular e anestésico por via intramuscular para coleta do material, o qual foi devidamente processado, corado com hematoxilina-eosina e submetido à análise microscópica óptica para avaliar a quantidade de osteoblastos, na área de tensão, do osso adjacente de cada raiz distovestibular dos primeiros molares superiores esquerdo. Os resultados mostraram que o uso de paracetamol até 5 dias pode gerar interferências na formação óssea, pois diminuiu o número de osteoblastos e que o ibuprofeno foi a droga que melhor agiu por apresentar menor ação de inibição sobre os osteoblastos num período de uso de até...

The nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) are drugs used to relieve pain after activation of orthodontic appliances, but these substances can influence bone remodeling and formation. Faced with the possibility of interference of drugs in treatments, the effects will be short-term NSAIDs and COX-2 selective antiinflammatory in therapeutic doses on osteoblasts during induced tooth movement. The drugs were determined through questionnaires given to orthodontists, selecting then, the most commonly prescribed for pain relief during orthodontic treatment. The selected drugs and nimesulide (selective COX-2) were administered in a sample of 80 albino Wistar rats, in which the installation of devices consisted of an enclosed section spring anchored to the upper central incisors, moving out mesially the first upper left molar. The animals were divided into four groups of 20 according to the daily drug administration: acetaminophen, ibuprofen, nimesulide and a control group (animals not treated). Then, divided into subgroups of 5 according to the treatment time of the induced tooth movement, 3, 5 and 7 days. Subsequently, the animals received lethal doses of the mixture of anesthetic and muscle relaxant intramuscularly for the collection of the material, which has been properly processed, stained with hematoxylin-eosin and subjected to microscopic analysis to assess the amount of osteoblasts in the stressed area of the adjacent bone of each distobuccal root of the first left molars. The results showed that the use of acetaminophen up to 5 days will cause interference in bone formation decreasing the number of osteoblasts and ibuprofen was the drug that best acted by having less inhibiting action on osteoblasts in a usage period of up to 7 days. It is suggested that the ideal to relieve pain and/or discomfort caused by orthodontic movement without prejudice to the bone repair would be the use of the associated medication. On the first day, use acetaminophen...

Calendario de inicio sexual en México: Comparación entre encuestas nacionales y tendencias en el tiempo / Sexual debut in Mexico: a comparison of household national surveys

Objetivo. Estimar el calendario de inicio sexual en México y sus tendencias a partir de encuestas poblacionales. Material y métodos. Se analizaron cinco cohortes de nacimiento con cuatro encuestas nacionales (Encuesta Nacional de Salud 2000, Encuesta Nacional de la Dinámica Demográfica 2009, Encuesta Nacional de Juventud 2010 y Encuesta Nacional de Salud y Nutrición 2012) y se identificaron las proporciones de individuos que iniciaron actividad sexual antes de los 16 y antes de los 20 años. Resultados. Las distintas encuestas son, en general, consistentes, pero difieren entre ellas en algunas cohortes. En las cohortes más jóvenes, se identificó una proporción algo mayor de individuos que iniciaron antes de los 20 años; no se advierten cambios en el inicio sexual antes de los 16 años. Conclusiones. La falta de grandes cambios en la edad de inicio de vida sexual con tendencia al adelanto del calendario en México llama a fortalecer la educación sexual integral y la oferta de servicios de salud sexual y reproductiva accesibles a los adolescentes.

Objective. To estimate calendar of sexual debut in Mexico and its trends using national representative household surveys. Materials and methods. Analysis of five birth cohorts extracted from four national population based household surveys in Mexico (National Health Survey 2000, National Survey on Demographic Dynamics 2009, National Youth Survey 2010, and National Health & Nutrition Survey 2012), using as outcome the proportion of individuals that reported sexual debut before the age of 16 and before the age of 20. Results. Overall, the four analyzed surveys produce consistent results, although some differences were found. While a larger proportion among younger cohorts reported sexual debut before the age of 20, that was not the case for sexual debut before 16 years. Conclusions. While data seems to reflect a relative stable age of sexual debut in Mexico, there is a recent trend to prepone sexual initiation that highlights the need to strengthen comprehensive sexual education and the supply of sexual & reproductive health services that are accessible and friendly to adolescents thus responding to the growing demand from this age group.

Desarrollo de la formulación de la suspensión oral de ibuprofeno 100 mg/5 mL para uso pediátrico / Development of formulation for oral suspension Ibuprofen 100 mg/5mL for pediatric use

Se empleó el método de prueba y error para el desarrollo de la formulación de la suspensión oral de ibuprofeno 100 mg/5 mL para uso pediátrico; se estudió su estabilidad químico-física por el método acelerado y de vida de estante; se envasó en frasco de vidrio Ambar por 120 mL y se almacenó a temperatura ambiente. Se realizó el estudio reológico y la determinación de la viscosidad aparente, además, se efectuó el estudio microbiológico a través de la prueba de efectividad de preservativo antimicrobiano y el conteo microbiano; se comprobó la seguridad del producto mediante el estudio toxicológico. Todos los resultados cumplieron con los límites de calidad establecidos en la literatura científica, USP 30, para este tipo de forma farmacéutica. Se concluye que el medicamento desarrollado está correctamente formulado, desde el punto de vista galénico con un tiempo de vida útil de 24 meses bajo las condiciones estudiadas.

Authors used the test and error method to develop the formulation of Ibuprofen oral suspension (100 mg/5 mL) for pediatric use. Its chemical-physic stability was studied through accelerated method and shelf life. It was bottled in amber glass small bottles by 120 mL, and it was stored at room temperature. A rheology study and assessment of apparent viscosity was made as well as a microbiologic one by test of effectiveness of antimicrobial preservative and the microbial count. Product safe was verified by toxicology study. All results fulfilled quality limits established in scientific literature, USP 30, for this type of pharmaceutical method. We conclude that drug developed is correctly formulated, from the doctoral point of view with a time of useful life of 24 months under study conditions.

Efecto del ibuprofeno y ácido acetilsalicílico sobre el deterioro cognitivo, poder antioxidante total e isoprostanos en suero / The effect of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on cognitive impairment, total antioxidant power and isoprostane serum

Introducción: Existen estudios controvertidos sobre la prevención de la enfermedad de Alzheimer y el uso de antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El objetivo fue evaluar el efecto del ibuprofeno y ácido acetilsalicílico sobre el deterioro cognitivo, poder antioxidante total (PAT) e isoprostanos (8-iso-PGF2á) séricos. Material y métodos: Entre abril de 2004 y febrero de 2006, a 18 mujeres mayores de 55 años de edad se les realizó escrutinio con la Prueba Mínima del Estado Mental de Folstein (MMSE); Prueba Corta para la Evaluación de la Memoria y la Atención, Syndrome Kurtz Test (SKT) y Escala de Depresión Geriátrica de Yasevage. Fueron asignadas aleatoriamente para recibir 400 mg/día de ibuprofeno (n=9) o 500 mg/día de ácido acetilsalicílico (n=9) durante un año. En la visita basal, seis meses y al año se determinó PAT y 8-iso-PGF2á séricos. Resultados: A un año de intervención, en cinco mujeres (55.6%) el MMSE aumentó cuatro puntos con ácido acetilsalicílico comparado con tres (33.3%) de ibuprofeno (p=0.028). El PAT aumentó (p=0.01) y disminuyeron los 8-iso-PGF2á (p=0.01) en ambos grupos en comparación con los valores basales. Conclusiones: Ambos medicamentos mejoraron el estado cognitivo y el perfil oxidativo en la población estudiada.

INTRODUCTION: There are controversial studies on the prevention of Alzheimer's disease with nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs (NSAIDs). The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of ibuprofen and acetylsalicylic acid on cognitive impairment, serum total antioxidant power (TAP) and isoprostane (8-iso-PGF2alpha). METHODS: From April 2004 to February 2006, a Folstein mini-mental state (MMSE), Syndrome Kurtz Test (SKT) and a geriatric depression scale (Yasevage) were applied to eighteen, 55-56 years old eligible women. All women (n= 18) with normal cognitive state were randomized to ibuprofen 400 mg per day (n= 9) and acetylsalicylic acid 500 mg per day (n= 9) for one year. Serum TAP and 8-iso-PGF2alpha were performed at baseline, after six months and one year of treatment. RESULTS: After one year of treatment with acetylsalicylic acid five women (55.6%) raised their score 4 points in MMSE compared with 3 points increased (33.3%) showed by the ibuprofen group. TAP increased (p=0.01) and 8-iso-PGF2alpha reduced (p=0.01) in both groups compared with baseline. CONCLUSIONS: Both drugs improved the cognitive state andoxidative status of our population.

Antiatherosclerotic activity of ibuprofen, a non-selective COX inhibitor--an animal study.

Atherosclerosis being considered as an inflammatory disorder, the present study was undertaken to investigate the effectiveness of anti-inflammatory drugs (ibuprofen, aspirin, and celecoxib) in hypercholesterolemia. Ibuprofen is a cyclooxygenase (COX-1 and COX-2) inhibitor known to reduce the production of prostaglandins that play prominent role in inflammation. Beside the anti-inflammatory effects that make ibuprofen interesting for the treatment of condition associated with hypercholesterolemic atherosclerosis. Various other properties of ibuprofen were investigated, ibuprofen showed better reduction in total cholesterol, triglycerides, very low density lipo-protein, low density lipo-protein and atherogenic index than aspirin and celecoxib in hypercholesterolemic animals. These properties of ibuprofen may be due to inhibition of acetyl-CoA carboxylase initiating the synthesis of fatty acids. Ibuprofen significantly elevated antioxidant (super oxide dismutase; catalase) levels and reduced lipid peroxidation. Ibuprofen inhibits COX enzymes and thereby inhibits generation of free radicals during prostaglandins synthesis, which may be responsible for reduction in lipid peroxidation, super oxide dismutase levels and for high catalase levels. Interestingly, ibuprofen decreased total leukocyte count, monocyte count, erythrocyte sedimentation rate and C-reactive protein levels. From the results of present study, it can be concluded that ibuprofen (non-selective COX inhibitor) showed promising antihyperlipidemic, antiatherosclerotic, antioxidant, antiinflammatory and non-ulcerogenic activity in atherosclerotic animals as compared to aspirin (preferential COX-1 inhibitor) and celecoxib (selective COX-2 inhibitors, suggesting the inducible role of COX in atherosclerosis.

Effect of methyl branching of C8H18 alkanes and water activity on lipase-catalyzed enantioselective esterification of ibuprofen

The purpose of this research was to study the effect of the methyl branching of a high log P alkane solvent and the water activity in the organic medium on the initial rate and the enantioselectivity of ibuprofen esterification catalyzed by Candida rugosa lipase. Resolution of ibuprofen is important because S-(+)-ibuprofen has the desired pharmacological activity, whereas the R-(-)-enantiomer causes much of the side effects. The Candida rugosa lipase-catalyzed reaction in isooctane at 40ºC and 0.73 water activity gave the best results, both in terms of the initial reaction rate and the enantioselectivity of the reaction. An increase in water activity allowed a higher reaction rate and enantiomeric excess in each of the four solvents. An increase in methyl branching did not necessarily increase the initial reaction rate, but it allowed a higher enantioselectivity, evidenced by an increase in the substrate enantiomeric excess.

Evaluación clínica de la terapia con dexametasona e ibuprofeno en la cirugía de los terceros molares retenidos / A clinical evaluation of dexamethasone and ibuprofen therapy in impacted third molar surgery

La eliminación quirúrgica de los terceros molares ocasiona considerable dolor, edema y disfunción. Los factores que contribuyen a estas secuelas son complejos, pero muchos de ellos son relativos al proceso inflamatorio. Los corticoesteroides han sido sugeridos para la reducción del edema posterior a procedimientos quirúrgicos, incluyendo la remoción de los terceros molares. Sin embargo, su uso es tema controversial debido a su potencial tóxico. Otros autores recomiendan la terapia combinada de esta droga con AINEs, como el Ibuprofeno. Objetivos:el objetivo de este estudio doble ciego fue evaluar y comparar un glucocorticoide como lo es la dexametasona en combinación con ibuprofeno y placebo para el control de la inflamación debida a la cirugía de los terceros molares. Así como también dilucidar su verdadero potencial tóxico. Métodos: se seleccionaron al azar 30 pacientes (9 de sexo masculino y 21 de sexo femenino) de 15 a 35 años, divididos en dos grupos: el primero recibió 8 mg de Dexametasona (Decalona®) y el segundo placebo, una hora antes de la cirugía por vía intramuscular. Ambos grupos recibieron 400 mg de Ibuprofeno (Brugesic®) por vía oral cada 6 horas durante dos días y 500 mg de amoxicilina (Trimoxal®) cada 8 horas por 7 días. El efecto antiinflamatorio del tratamiento fue evaluado por tres métodos: subjetivo, medición de referencias anatómicas y por un método computarizado de fotografías digitales. Mientras que el dolor fue evaluado mediante la Escala Visual Análoga. Resultados: los resultados obtenidos demostraron la superioridad de la terapia con dexametasona e ibuprofeno para el control del edema postoperatorio sobre la terapia con ibuprofeno exclusivamente. No se encontraron diferencias estadísticamente significativas en cuanto al dolor. También se demostró la ausencia de complicaciones postoperatorias y reacciones adversas al administrar dexametasona con la posología indicada

The surgical removal of impacted third molar teeth can result in considerable pain, swelling and dysfunction. The factors contributed to postoperative pain, edema and trismus are complex, but many of the contributors factors are related to the inflammatory process. Pharmacologic strategies for minimizing the clinical manifestation of surgical trauma are often directed toward blocking the acute inflammation. Corticosteroids have been suggested for the reduction of inflammatory sequel of surgical procedures, including the removal of third molar teeth. Others authors recommend the combination of this drug with some NSAIDs like Ibuprofen.Objetives: the purpose of this double-blind study was to evaluate and to compare a prototype glucocorticoid, dexamethasone in combination with Ibuprofen and placebo for suppression of swelling due to the surgical removal of the third molar and determinate their real toxicity. METHODS: thirty patients, including 9 males and 21 females aged between 15 and 35 years old, randomly divided in two groups: one of the group received 8 mg dexamethasone (Decalona®) and the other group received placebo, one our prior to each procedure, either dexamethasone or placebo was administered intramuscularly. Both groups received 400 mg ibuprofen (Brugesic®) each 6 hours for two days and 500 mg amoxiciline (Trimoxal®) each 8 ours for 7 days. The effect of treatment was evaluated using three methods: subjectively, anatomical references measurements, and digital photos by computerized method.. Pain was evaluated by Analog Visual Scale. Results: This investigation revealed a higher efficacy of the therapy with dexamehtasone e ibuprofen than ibuprofen alone to edema postoperative control. Our results demonstrated no statically significant differences with regard to pain. We also no observed postoperative infection neither adverse effect with this therapy in the evaluated patients.

Antioxidant and antiulcer activity of aqueous extract of a polyherbal formulation.

The aqueous extract of Hingwashtak churna was evaluated for gastroprotection in rats using the ibuprofen and ethanol induced ulcer models. Efficacy was assessed by determination of mean ulcer size, ulcer number and ulcer index. Oral administration of the aqueous extract (750 mg/kg) significantly protected against gastric lesions by 84.96% and 91.12% as compared to ranititidine (95.54 and 95.2%) in the ibuprofen and alcohol induced ulcer models respectively. The findings suggest that the significant gastroprotective activity could be mediated by its antioxidant activity which was evaluated by using different antioxidant models of screening.

Modulation of ulcerogenicity of Ibuprofen and Indomethacin via blocking the H[2] receptors in the stomach

Among the commonest side effects of NSAIDs are the gastrointestinal manifestations, which could reach gastric erosions, ulcerations, or recurrent liberations in people using NSAID for long durations. This provided idea of accomplishing this work in order to study the possibility of avoiding these side effects, which stand as a strong barrier against the regular use of these drugs. This study aimed at finding a way out from these serious side effects such as gastric ulcers, so that a member of the H[2] receptor antagonists; namely ranitidine, was thought to accompany the treatment with indomethacin being the classic example of the NSAIDs, and ibuprofen; which is one of the most commonly used NSAIDs. The ulcer index was the measure to reach a fair judgment comparing the use and the non-use of ranitidine with indomethacin and ibuprofen therapies. Results were much better when ranitidine was taken as an adjuvant treatment to indomethacin and ibuprofen, a situation indicating the necessity of considering prescribing one of the H[2] receptor antagonists with the NSAIDs therapy, especially in prolonged use

Accion del Clonoxinato de lisina sobre la funcion plaquetaria comparacion con otras drogas antiinflamatorias no esteroideas / Effects of lysine clonixinate on platelet function. Comparison with other non-steroidal anti-inflammatory agents

El grupo de los antiinflamatorios no esteroideos (AINEs) posee como uno de sus mecanismos de acción la inhibición de la síntesis de prostaglandinas. Este efecto explica muchas de las acciones farmacológicas y de los eventos adversos observados en el uso clínico. La administración de AINEs a pacientes con trastornos de la hemostasia o en estados perioperatorios incrementan el riesgo de hemorragias por inhibición de las funciones plaquetarias. En este trabajo se estudian las modificaciones plaquetarias inducidas por el clonixinato de lisina comparadas con las del diclofenac, ibuprofeno y aspirina, mediante pruebas clásicas (recuento de plaquetas, producción de factor 3 plaquetario, agregación con diversos inductores) y procedimientos más recientes (medición de P-selectina por citometría de flujo). El clonixinato de lisina no produjo modificaciones en el número ni en la función plaquetaria cuando fue administrado a voluntarios sanos en las dosis terapéuticas usuales, cosa que sí ocurrió con las drogas control.

Evaluación del efecto del diclofenaco vs ibuprofeno en el dolor posoperatorio después de la extracción quirúrgica del tercer molar inferior / Evaluation of the effect of diclofenac vs ibuprofen in postsurgical pain after lower third molar extraction

El objetivo del estudio es comparar el efecto del ibuprofeno (400 mg) y el diclofenaco (100 mg) en la percepción del dolor después de la extracción quirúrgica de terceros molares inferiores. Cien pacientes se distribuyeron al azar en dos grupos, al grupo I se le administró diclofenaco (Cataflam, grageras de 100 mg con capa entérica, Ciba-Geigy) en dosis de una gregea cada 12 horas y al grupo II se le administró ibuprofeno *Tabalón 400, tabletas de 400 mg, Hoechst marion Roussel) en dosis de una tableta cada 8 horas. En ambos grupos la primera dosis fue tomada al terminar la cirugía. En nuestro estudio no incluimos un grupo con placebo, ya que nuestro objetivo fue comparar el efecto de ibuprofeno y diclofenaco, y ya ha sido demostrado el efecto superior de ambos medicamentos a placebos. Al paciente se le dio un formato de registro del dolor en el que cada hora apuntó su percepción del dolor de acuerdo a la siguiente escala: 0 = ausencia de dolor, 1 = dolor ligero, 2 = dolor moderado y 3 = dolor severo, en el mismo formato se registró también la hora de toma del medicamento. Los resultados muestran que no hubo diferencias significativas en el número de horas sin dolor en los dos grupos (P= 0.829). El número de horas con dolor severo fue menor en el grupo de diclofenaco (P menor 0.0001)